1. Introduction

The common theory of the early stage of the universe assumes that the universe has arisen from one single big bang. One has come to this result by calculating the present expansion of the universe on the initial state back. Foundation therefore was the expansion-speed of 80 km/s in connection with a distance of l Mpc. At this one has come onto a size of the universe which corresponds to the Illustration 1.[1]

Ill. l

The following questions arise from this:

1. What has happened before the big bang?
2. What was around this?
3. Where in moved the big bang?
4. Where has remained the center of the universe?
5. Why was there in the past only one big bang?
6. Was there any time before the big bang?
7. Where did the infinite energy come from for the big bang?
8. What does the matter consist of?
9. What is the matter in the future: Is there an end of the expansion of the universe and is there a contraction following this in the future?

The traditional theory of the cosmology cannot explain these questions. The standard model of the cosmology assumes that the universe has arisen from an expanding matter ball. The calculation formulae for this refer exactly to this. The traditional Big-Bang-Theory was determined by a single causal process of reasoning. The initial parameters are adapted so long till they agree with the observed helium hydrogen relationship. There is only one problem: The standard model with its single event is controversial to the first principal cause of the cosmology: "No place in the universe is preferred compared with another one".

But how the first stars had formed in the past? This is really a great problem to describe and explain "primordial star formation" without molecular gas and dust. That is a major challenge in modern astrophysics.

We will attempt to find problem solutions with new ideas and deductions. Basic idea for this is the investigation of the dimensions.

We experience the zero dimension as a mathematical point.
We experience the first dimension as a line.
We experience the second dimension as an area.
We experience the third dimension as a body, e.g. as a cube or ball.
We experience the fourth dimension as a pulsating body, par example as a pumping heart.
We experience the infinite dimension as a vacuum room of the universe.

However our target is, to know some more about the vacuum room of the cosmos. Which structure and which properties has the vacuum space and can we answer the above posed questions with the results of our examinations?

2. The four-dimension room

To visualize a four-dimension space, it is very practically to draw a visual model for this [2]. The four-dimension room is represented as a cube in a cube or as a ball in a ball once. The ball in the ball only is indicated here.

Ill. 2

At first sight it seems to be, that the forms cube or ball remain conserved. This impression deceives since these forms have fluctuations which are shown on the outer circular arc symbolically. Only their properties are changed. To move from the inner ball (A) to the outer ball (B) you need a time-interval (Δ t), a distance (Δ r) and a quantity of energy (Δ e). At this point you can recognize, that the curvature of the ball surface flattened more and more while the radius increase. To move from the outer ball (B) to the inner ball (A), you also need a time-interval (Δ t), a distance (Δ r) and a quantity of energy (Δ e). In this case the curvature of the ball-surface is narrowing. At the same time the curvature of the inner space grow crooked while the radius decrease.

In the fourth dimension we have an outer demarcation of the body. Expansions and contractions determine his lifetime. At the beginning of his lifetime we experience the body as a transition of the third in the fourth dimension. We experience him in the third dimension on the end of his lifetime. His center region can be determined. The number of his time intervals is limited with the relapse in the third dimension.

3. The infinite dimension Space

If you expand the ball-shaped vacuum room to a vacuum room with infinite dimensions, each further dimension is orthogonal to its dimension before, than you will get a vacuum room with an infinite radius and with an infinite number of time intervals. Inside this vacuum-space you cannot find any curvature of the ball surface and any center point. No place in this cosmos is privileged. There isn't an outer demarcation because the dimensions putting on continuously are given at every observation location in the universe.

It is very difficult to find out the precise expansion acceleration of the infinite vacuum room of the cosmos. For exact measurements about large distances you need a lot of qualified Quasars and Galaxies. However Galaxies can move from one location to another position in the space. Galaxies can build heaps and super heaps caused by their own gravity force. Spiral-galaxies can drift additional through the space caused by their unequal spin pulse. They can collide with another galaxies. Additional fact is, that our own milky-way moves in the vacuum space too. Our sun and their planets are included. Some Galaxies move to the observer and other move away from him. Addition to this, people believe that the light moves through the cosmos without lost of energy. The picture 3 displays this movement as divergence from mean value.

If we inspect the entire cosmos, you recognize that the space in this region is as result of our previous investigation practical flat. That imply, that the light from a 10 thousand millions light years distant Quasar directly reach the observer without having to follow any spherical surface. If you inspect the ball surface now, it is permanent growing by every time interval. You can recognize, that points on its surface move in an increasing distance more and more. Now you can identify the next problem, because the light-speed of 299 792 458 m/s is the maximal speed for the light in the vacuum room of the cosmos. If the distances are long enough, then the expanding vacuum room can exceed the light speed about large distances straight away.

Ill. 3

The illustration 3 shows the red shift of certain spectral lines in dependence of the distance of their objects. Firstly find out by Sandage (1972). The vertical line displays the logarithm of the flight-speed of the brightest Galaxies and the horizontal line displays the distance from the observer. The cosmos expands with acceleration. In a far distance from the observer the flight speed of the galaxies reach the light speed. The information boundary is determined by the point of intersection of the two graphs. The logarithm of the light speed is:   5.476820703 log

The following proofs arise from this:

1. A flight speed which is larger than the light speed cannot be observed. For this reason all observations and calculations refer to the area of the light run distance of the observation location up to the information boundary.
2. The cosmic background radiation (nearly 2.7° Kelvin) has to be watched by the observation location only within the area of the light run distance up to the information boundary.
3. The information boundary doesn't define the age or the end of the universe.
4. A radiated photon cannot spread across the complete universe, but maximum only up to that one of his own radial information boundary.
5. The gravity strength of a star or a galaxy only reaches up to his own radial information boundary. With this proof one of the greatest mistakes is removed in the cosmology and the physics.
6. By the expansion of the vacuum room the wavelengths of the light are stretched during the light running time. This yields a frequency loss of the light.
7. The distant spiral Galaxies don't move just like our Milky Way with light speed in their local vacuum room. With this proof another great mistake of the cosmology is removed with that, that the distant spiral Galaxies assume relativistic speeds.

At the most modern measuring method for the determination of the distant Galaxies is the use of detectors which can count the quantity of the photons and measure their brightness, energy and frequency. In the section time phenomena the dependence of the measuring methods is proved by the gravity field against the earth.

The Hubble parameter couldn't be measured exactly yet.
In 1998 was his value [1]   H = (80+16+6) km s^-1 Mpc^-1
His actual value at February 21, 2001 was   H = (65 ±5) km s^-1 Mpc^-1
Precision measuring (April 2003) determined the Hubble parameter with H = 71 km s^-1 Mpc^-1
The standardized distance (Mega parsec) was on Mpc = 3 261 631 light years fixed.

Calculation-example:
Light-speed:   c = 299 792.458 km/s
The information boundary has a radial distance at light-speed:   r_i = c / H
Used expansion speed of the vacuum room   H = 71 km s^-1 Mpc^-1
r_i = 299 792,458 km s^-1 / 71 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 =

At this is to consider that this distance measure is a measure in the vacuum for the visual light time for traveling. In future, precision measuring also could newly fix this standardized distance measure.

This yields a distance of of the observer in case of which the condition for this is fulfilled that the light speed is reached at an expansion acceleration of the vacuum room of 71 km * s^-1 * Mpc^-1. In this case the radial flight speed of the Galaxies is 299.792,458 km/s. It is the consequence that no more light signal can be watched by from a distance. This yields a distance of billions light years. Any radiation which reaches the observer on the earth lies within this area. Every radiation and any information which lies outside this area doesn't reach the observer any more. The information boundary is established with that. Events can be watched and measured only within this area. The night sky remains dark beyond this observation horizon for us. All events and all information are observable for the observer only within this information boundary.

Extensive vacuum fluctuations can appear everywhere in the universe. They cause that one cannot fix the Hubble parameter exactly. Spontaneous vacuum fluctuations of different energies in addition appear everywhere in the universe. One e.g. understands fluctuations of fields of different manner by vacuum fluctuations, of the electric magnetic up to the matter production fields.

One shouldn't underestimate the energy which causes that the vacuum room of the universe extends. Billions of Galaxies provably are transported. One can assume therefore that she is in the direct relations to the energy due to the energy conservation law. This energy is bound by corresponding vacuum fluctuations as a matter. An infinite energy source which has alone only her cause in a quality of the infinite dimension vacuum room would have been discovered with that. It is the vacuum fluctuations appearing sporadically

The question "Where did the infinite energy come from for the big bang?" is answered with that.

The temporal sequence then would be so that the extension of the vacuum room must first be carried out in corresponding time intervals and the matter then can arise only due to spontaneous vacuum fluctuations. The quantum theory makes statements about the behavior of vacuum fluctuations. Singles events arise spontaneously after this, e.g. virtual particles can get sudden to real particle. Quantum lightning in the Gamma area meets and produce electrons and their anti particle. The time intervals needed for this already were there before. The questions "What has happened before the big bang?" and "Was there any time before the big bang?" one has answered with that. Since there are no beginning and no end for the infinite dimensional vacuum room, the time has no beginning and no end so either.

Outbreaks of gamma rays which are like the high energetic quantum lightning have been discovered in the meantime. They are called Gamma-Ray Burst (GBR). They come sporadically from the depths of the universe from all directions. There isn't any region in the universe in which they particularly frequently appear.

They have special properties:[3]

1. Their photons have an energy of 100 to 1000 kilo electron volts.
2. Their outbreaks last between 30 milliseconds and almost 1000 seconds.
3. In the individual case an outbreak can last up to 1.6 hours.
4. There are sequences of shorter radiation pulses and even stopping throb.
5. The spectral distribution of the photon energy moves herself at some GBR during fading away to the low energy area.
6. The GBR don't have any particular spectral lines which one can use for the distance determination (red shift).
7. The pulse lengths of the GBR are also unsuitable for the distance determination.

No place in the universe is preferential for the other one because there isn't any center. There is not only a observer and he isn't the center of the universe either. There only are centers for singles events, see picture l. In this infinite dimensional vacuum room of the universe you cannot fix any center, because a infinite number of dimensions of every observation location is given in the universe. The question "Where has remained the center of the universe?" is answered with that.

Creation and decay is a cosmic principle.

Beginning and end only apply to individual events. They are not valid for the infinite dimensional vacuum room of the universe. Due to his infinite dimension there aren't any beginning and also no end for him. This applies for his spatial extension and the succession of his time intervals.

The succession of the time intervals and appropriate the permanent extension of the universe is neither reversible nor on-durably.

Since the universe has fluctuations of the vacuum, one will state these fluctuations also at the determination of the Hubble parameter. The value of the Hubble parameter can be only a mean average value with a certain frequency range for this reason.

The measured red shifts only say, how long the light sent out was in transit to the observer. The wavelengths of the radiated light are stretched as a result of the extending vacuum room and for this reason wander to the red area of the light spectrum. One cannot derive the age of the universe from this. One can, however, calculate the maximum running time of the light up to the information boundary.

The infinite dimensional vacuum room of the universe expands unlimitedly. A critical matter density which could cause one contract ion of the universe is never reached. The question "Is there an end of the expansion of the universe and is there a contraction following this in the future?" also could be answered with that. The universe is open and has in all directions the same qualities.

4. The contractions within the vacuum-room of the cosmos

The named vacuum-fluctuations within the infinite vacuum room of the cosmos cause, that the vacuum has the property to compress a local spherical form (A) to a inner spherical form (P) within a certain time-interval (Δ t), a distance (Δ r) and a quantity of energy (Δ e). You can see, that the curvature of the inner spherical form increase. This concern to the surface, that the structure of the volume and movement of the local object is at least three dimensional.¹⁾. The vacuum room always is activated more strongly by his compression at unities becoming smaller and smaller. Then it can come to phase feedback that resonance knots (e.g. electrons or positrons) educate themselves.

Vacuum was compressed, stimulated and matter was generated. Cause of this is a property of the vacuum-space of the cosmos. Sporadic vacuum-variations are the reason for that property.

To get an experience, how the wavelength of the light are compressed within the vacuum-field, it is useful to draw a visual object.

Ill. 4

The baseline of Ill. 4 has the distance 2 π = 6.28. If you pull this wave to the right end of the baseline, you can see that the wave covers the baseline. The same matter happens, if the expanding vacuum-room of the cosmos has stretched the wavelength. In a certain distance from the observer the expansion of the vacuum-room is reaching the light-speed. That is the point of the information-boundary. From that locality no light or other information can reach the observer (Picture 3). With this boundary you have determined a calculable size within the universe. You divide the light run distance from the local position of the observer up to the information boundary by 2. The remaining distances respectively divide by 2. You can make it like the example in the illustration 4. With that you have an excellent arithmetic base for the following calculation methods.

c = Light-Speed
H = Expansion-Acceleration per standardized expansion-distance (Hubble-Parameter)
r_i = Number of norm expansion-distances (travel of light from our location up to the information-boundary)
c = H * r_i
r_i = c / H

In the opposed way you can get a local compression of the vacuum-room by a gravity-field or in front of speeded up particles. But here is the light-speed the absolute boundary to speed up the particles. At this point the vacuum-compression-boundary is determined. In one direction people know the none local expansion acceleration of the vacuum and in the other direction people know the local compression acceleration of the vacuum.

The constant-factor light-speed is the product of the factors wavelength and frequency.
c = Light-Speed
λ = Wavelength
f = Frequency
c = λ * f

The expansion factor is the result out of the relation between the measured wavelength (λ) of the light emission received from an astronomical object and the wavelength (λ_o) of a light emission measured in a laboratory. Delta lambda (Δ λ) is the difference between the measured wavelength and the laboratory wavelength (λ_o) lambda zero.
z_e = λ / λ_o       Values begin with 1
z = Δ λ / λ_o     Values begin with zero

An escape velocity which is bigger than the speed of light cannot be observed. For this reason all calculations refer to the range of the light run distance from the local position of the observer up to the information boundary. The distance is determined by the optical light route in the vacuum space.
The escape velocity (v) of an object is calculated as follows:
v = c - (c / z_e )
v = c - c / (z + 1)

The radial distance (r) of an astronomical object is calculated as follows:
r_i = distance from the local position of the observer up to the information boundary
r = r_i - ( r_i / z_e )
r = r_i - r_i / (z + 1)

The compression-speed or approach-speed can be calculated as follow:
λ_o = Wavelength of a light-emission measured in a lab
λ = Wavelength of a light-emission from particles or from an approaching astronomical object
v_c = Compression-speed
v_c = c - (c * λ/ λ_o )

The compression-factor results by the relation between the lab-wavelength of a light-emission and the wavelength of the light-emission from a particle or a astronomical object.
z_c = Compression-factor
z_c = λ_o / λ

Of cause this, you can determine the speed of a galaxy which is approaching the earth.
A emission-line from light of a Galaxy was detected by a spectroscope.
It is the emission-line from hydrogen (Lyman α ). The wavelength is λ = 101,333 nm.
The same emission-line was determined in the lab with a wavelength λ_o = 121,6 nm .
The measured compression of the wavelength was calculated as follows: z_c = λ_o / λ
z_c = 121,6 nm / 101,333 nm = 1,2
Light-speed: c = 299 792.458 km/s
The compression-speed was calculated as follows: v_c = c - (c / z_c )   or   v_c = c - (c * λ/ λ_o )
v_c = 299 792.458 km/s - (299 792.458 km/s / 1,2 ) = 49 965.40967 km/s
The speed of the galaxy, which is approaching the earth, is   49 965.40967 km/s

Vacuum can be compressed by strong gravity-fields. The movement of a photon through the gravity-field generate several effects. If a photon moves up to a gravity-field, so it moves into a compressed vacuum-field. The wavelength of the photon was compressed. Thereby the frequency and its energy of this photon will be increase. If this photon moves away from the gravity-field, the process change into the other direction. The wavelength of the photon was stretched. Thereby the frequency (number of wavelength per second) and its energy will be decreased. But no wavelength will be lost. An other effect is, that a photon²⁾ with a higher energy deflect in a compressed vacuum-field much more than a photon with a lower energy. The reason there for is, that a photon with a higher energy has more dynamic mass than a photon with a lower energy.

Calculations:
Basic energy quantum:   h = 6.62606896e-34 Js
Light-speed:   c = 299 792 458 m/s
Wavelength of the basic-spectral-line of hydrogen:   λ_o = 121,6 nm = 121.6e-9 m
The basic-mass of the electron:     = 9.1093826e-31 kg
The basic-energy of the electron:   =
The compression-factor of the vacuum-room was calculated with following method:   z_c = λ_o / λ
The values λ _o and λ can be changed for calculations of the compression factor z _c

In this example two photons collide together with the displayed energy. The result is, that an electron and a positron was produced. The energy for that comes from the compressed vacuum in front of their trajectory. Here is the evidence, that photons in a strong gravity-field produce new matter. The compression-factor remain the same. Thereby it is equal, whether the compression of the vacuum-field develop by speed up of particles or by speed up from a gravity-field. The increase of frequency of the radiation can be explained by the condensation of the vacuum-field without contradiction.

The generated electron e^- moves in the compressed vacuum-field with the speed of   v. It has an inner impulse of   m * c. By the movement in the compressed vacuum-field the dynamic mass grows   m_d. To get a vision of it, you can draw a picture with the arrows of movement.

Ill. 5

Corresponding to the theorem of Pythagoras you can calculate the dynamic mass m_d.
[ (mc)² / (m_dc)² ] + [ (m_dv)² / (m_dc)² ] = 1
(m_d )² = m² / [ 1 - (v² / c² ) ]
m_d = m / sqrt[ 1 - (v² / c² ) ]     or     m_d = m * c / sqrt(c² - v² )
Than you will get the dynamic mass   m_d.
To calculate dynamic energy-values (e_d ) for accelerated particles in a compressed vacuum-field: .
e_d = e / sqrt[ 1 - (v² / c² ) ]     or     e_d = e * c / sqrt(c² - v² )

The compression of the vacuum grows higher the more the compression-speed of the vacuum increase.
The compression-acceleration grows higher the more the mass ( m ) of an object is in it.
The radius ( r ) of a compact object grows higher the more the mass of an object (kg ) is in it.
The radius ( r ) of a compact object grows higher the more volume it has (m³ ) .
Gravity-factor of the mass:   G
Now we can develop the calculation formula.
v_cg = Compression-acceleration of the vacuum by gravity
v_cg * r * r = G * m
v_cg = G * m / r²
Calculation of the compression-acceleration of the vacuum-field as an example for the earth surface:
Gravity-factor:   G = 6.67428e-11   m³ / (kg*s² )
Mass of the earth:   m = 5.978177 * 10²⁴   kg
Radius of the earth:   r = 6378   km
The compression-factor (z_c ) of the vacuum-field (gravity-field) of the earth:
c_c = 299792458 m/s²   (maximum of acceleration-speed)
Every photon, that was detected on the earth will be accelerate with this value and it influence the measurement.

The gravity-field is ball-shaped-covered. The greater the distance to an astronomic object the fewer is the compression-acceleration of the vacuum by gravity.
The earth as example for the calculation of the compression-acceleration of vacuum in a large distance:
v_cgd = Compression-acceleration of the vacuum-field by gravity in a far distance
d_ist  = 500 km distance from the earth

If the maximum acceleration speed of 299792458 m/s² becomes reached on the surface of the compact core, every particles which come to this region changes their dynamic energy into quiet energy. The produced new matter develops a counter pressure and behaves like a wall which reflects the produced and changed matter. This wall isn't, however, a narrow ribbon. Fast particles already reach the light speed of 299792458 m/s early and slow particles penetrate more deeply into this wall till they reach the light speed too? One can see this special wall on photos. This band consists of a broad yellow ring around the compact central star of a spiral galaxy. One can see this yellow ring and also the trace course of the out skidded clouds of dust at the spiral galaxy NGC7742. Since this yellow ring is very near at the compact core, one also can describe him as a nuclear ring or nucleus ring.

The produced matter in the yellow nucleus ring consists of matter and anti matter. A part of this anti matter recombines with the matter and emits as gamma radiation again. With special detectors one could prove the issued gamma quantum and their sources. The other part of the anti matter disappears into the compact nucleus of the galaxy. Of course this raises the question, how long the compact core of a galaxy can remain stable under this condition. One can put the forecast, that a intense explosion occur which leads to the separation of a matter ring. The HST-photo of the ring galaxy Hoag can be judged as a proof of one of such separation. Separations of this order of magnitude are part of the most violent explosions in the universe. If the watched Gamma-Ray burst are really cause of unstable compact cores of galaxies, you couldn't prove yet. One only can suspect it due to these considerations.

The gravity field of the earth is turning with earth rotation in certain places. Experiments done by Michelson and Morley should evidence the difference of the light-speed with the "Michelson Interferometer" in 1886. They found no differences of light-speed by several experiments. In an experiment of Hafele and Keating with atomic clocks in 1971 deviations could be proved against anyway. Four atomic clocks were taken along in airplanes at the flight around the earth. The watches followed 59 ns in the average in direction of rotation of the earth (east flight) and contrary to the direction of rotation (west flight) of the earth the watches were fast 273 ns in the average. Atomic clocks are therefore suitable to prove changes in the gravity field. The global positioning system (GPS) consisting of clocks also has proved changes in the gravity field. There are two causes for the rotating gravity field of the earth. Firstly it's the low tide and the high tide, caused by the gravity field between earth and moon. Secondly there are the mountains on the earth, which influences the gravity field of the earth. If one looks at the earth from outside, then the gravity field concerns with the grounding rotation and the tides. The moon in addition also produces a gravity field which moves during his circulation around the earth with him.

This cognition is very powerful if you apply this at the strong gravity-fields of the rotating compact central-stars of spiral-galaxies, per example the Galaxy NGC7742 and the Galaxy NGC6872. Their gravity fields are turning synchronous with the rotation of the central stars. This influence the rotation direction and the acceleration of the matter in their acceleration rings. Additional to that the rotating gravity fields increase the possibility to generate new matter.

Before the vacuum reached the vacuum-compression-boundary, the production of matter increase in a power-full case. The compact central-star respond on this situation and will throw out the new produced matter. Here are photos of evidence from the Galaxy NGC5563 and the Spiral-Galaxy 0313 192 . You can see how compact cores of Galaxies slingshots large quantities of matter. These processes in addition prove how the universe replaces itself. The compact cores of the spiral Galaxies are very stable. They have a very long lifetime. Their development time up to the education of an acceleration ring is estimated for 6 to 7 billions years. One hasn't discovered exploding compact cores of Galaxies yet. For this reason there aren't any photos of this either.

2 hypothetical calculation examples:

Calculation of the radius of the vacuum-compression-boundary. We use the values of the earth surface as example:
Radius of the earth   r = 6378000 m
Maximal acceleration by gravitation   c_c = 299792458 m s^-2
Gravitation constant   G = 6.67428e-11 m³ kg^-1 s^-2

Radius of an object   r = 63780000 m
Maximal acceleration by gravitation   c_c = 299792458 m s^-2
Gravitation constant   G = 6.67428e-11 m³ kg^-1 s^-2
The density of the matter is much lower (factor 10).

How highly the mass of a compact nucleus of a galaxy can be condensed, till the topmost limit is reached, cannot calculate with this calculation method. One has observed, that there are differently big compact central stars of spiral Galaxies. The highly condensed mass of the compact nucleus consists of an quark gluon plasma which cannot be condensed further. Compact Nucleus of the central stars can grow and increase in size. If one find out their diameter and their mass, than one can calculate their mass density. One has observed that the laws aren't broken for gravity, angular momentum and masses preservation in the compact central stars.

An electron produce in flight-direction a compressed vacuum-field.
You can calculate this compression energy. The electron is moving continues. It has a starting energy. The value of this starting energy of the electron is by the basic-spectral-line of the hydrogen   e_s = h * c / λ_o
Basic energy-quantum:   h = 6.62606896e-34 Js
Light-speed:   c = 299 792 458 m/s
The wavelength of the basic-spectral-line of hydrogen (Lyman α):   λ_o = 121,6 nm = 121.6e-9 m
In fly-direction the vacuum-field is already compressed.
The accelerated electron has the basic-energy, the dynamic-energy and the compression-energy of the compressed vacuum-field.
The higher the starting-energy the more is the compression-energy.
If the compression factor reaches the value infinite, then this condition yields a big bang with an infinitely big energy. But the compression factor z_c never reaches the value infinite. The reason is, that a so called Quark Gluon Plasma arises before which cannot be condensed further. The formation of the Quark Gluon Plasma prevents practically that the compression factor can reach the maximum value "infinitely" even if particles collide with roughly double light speed. Due to this consideration it has never given a big bang according to the big bang theory, but the production of new particles in the vacuum room. With this proof one of the greatest mistakes is removed in the cosmology and the physics.

e_c = Compression-energy of a compressed vacuum-field or energy of acceleration
e_o = Start-energy of the particles
z_c = Compression-factor
e_c = e_o* z_c
z_c = e_c / e_o

That is all you need of mathematics to produce new matter in a infinite vacuum-space.

The quark gluon plasma forms an intermediate stage from which the most different particles arise. The formation of the particles is carried out after the chance principle from a certain group of possibilities. Similarities arise in the context of this to the music. A triad is produced from 3 firm tones and their 3 clay distances. All baryons are in this group with 3 quarks. A two sound is produced from 2 firm tones and their clay distance. All mesons are in this group. There are of course also further combinations.

The stimulated vacuum, per example radio-waves, heat-radiation or light have the wave- / mass-dualism. In relation of the formula   e = m * c² = h * f   the portion of the mass will be more the higher their energy is. That is because the constant   c² dose not change.

The production of new matter starts in a high-compressed vacuum-field. The photo of the galaxy NGC5563 is a evidence of it. The surprise of it is, that the cosmos renews himself.

• You can equate the term energy with the term stimulated and compressed vacuum-field.

• The expansion of the vacuum-space is the reason for the spontaneous vacuum-fluctuations and the cause of the spontaneous production of matter. Matter develop and consist out of compressed vacuum. This correspond exactly the dualism of the photon   h * f = m * c².   With that the last question is explained: "From what the matter is made?"

• The quantum theory is valid in the entire cosmos.

If you equate a four dimension room with an infinite dimension room, so you will get different results. If you reduce a four dimension room by one dimension, you get a three dimension room.

If you reduce an infinite dimension room by one dimension, you will get a copy of an infinite-dimension room of a time-interval before. The sequence of time-intervals and the expansion of the cosmos will not be stopped.

Every dimension is orthogonal to the dimension before. The sequence is, that only an expire number of dimensions can be reduced to the starting-point. If you develop a theory with an expire number of Dimension, you always get the problem: "Where is the center region of the universe?" and "What is in the outer area?" At the infinite dimensional vacuum room these problems don't appear first at all.

How one can introduce himself an infinitely dimensional vacuum space as a model? To demonstrate how the universe extends, one uses with pleasure an aerial balloon. On its surface one paints white points. If one inflates now the aerial balloon, one sees how the white points on the surface go away each other. The farther the points are distant from each other, the faster they move apart. Now one can calculate, when the speed of light on the surface of the balloon model is reached. The universe expands. The expansion speed reach the light speed by a distance of 4222,4 MPC. The optical light route from the lookout place up to information boundary is divided by 2 π. One get the radius with which the balloon bursts. The calculated distance from the lookout place is about Now the vacuum space of the universe is not a 4-dimensional object with a surface as limitation. Real gaps cannot originate for this reason because they are bridged immediately and without time delay by the dimensions. One will not be able to prove gaps or a limitation by a surface. Nevertheless, vacuum fluctuations are able to prove. The biggest objects of these vacuum fluctuations are the galaxies and their aggregation in heaps and superheaps.

An electron is stimulated by the sunlight and moves in the atom on a state of higher energy. If it jumps again back on a state with a lower energy, it radiates a photon with a certain frequency. With the sheet green it has the frequency of the paint green, with the blossom of the poppy it has the frequency of the paint red and with the blossom of the cornflower it has the frequency of the paint blue. Now the radiated photon spreads out as an electromagnetic wave in the vacuum space with speed of light. If now the curve of this wave front is limited by the speed of light, it entails that constantly gaps and fissures form. Now the wave front of a photon is no 4-dimensional object of the movement in the vacuum space. Therefore, gaps and cracks are also bridged immediately and without time delay by the continuously touching down dimensions. Where the photon within the wave front stays, one cannot determine. How wide the curve of the wave front is, one cannot likewise fix. This entails that one must build bigger and bigger telescope mirrors to receive an enough big number in photons in a satisfactory exposure time for a photo. The advantage of the bigger telescope mirrors is that one can thereby look deeper and deeper in the universe. If the wave front of a photon on a camera with CCD detector (abbr. hits now to Charged Coupled Device), it releases an electron on an image element of the surfaces photo metre. The dimensions touching down continuously till then of the wave front are put back immediately and without time delay with the whole energy of the photon on a point of the interaction. The interaction consists in it: If an electron of an image element is met by the wave front of a photon, it takes over his whole energy. The released electron can be selected and be looked on a monitor.

In this theory the cosmos was developed out of a lot of single events. The result from this is a continuous evolution. Big components developed out of little components. Contrary of this theory the cosmos was developed by a single event, the big-bang of the big-bang-theory. In this case the big-bang-theory has many problems to explain the middle-point of the cosmos and the infinitely energy for this occurrence.

In the big-bang-theory the galaxies drive apart. The consequence of this event is, that the galaxies reach in far distances relativistic speeds near the light-speed. The big-bang-theory is contrary to this alternative theory. In this "Theory about the Structure of the Cosmos" the entire vacuum-space of the cosmos expand with acceleration caused by the infinitely dimension of the vacuum-space. The galaxies are carried along with this expansion. In large distances the light-speed for the vacuum-expansion will be reached. No light and no information will reach the observer from that far distance. That is the destination for the information-boundary.

In this alternative theory the reciprocal value of the Hubble-Parameter is the time till to the information-boundary. The cosmos is not at the end on the other side of the information-boundary. A observer in a distance of 10 thousand millions light-years away from our earth can observe the cosmos across our information-boundary.

Contrary to this, the big bang theory suppose the reciprocal value of the Hubble-Parameter as a value of the age of the cosmos. The cosmos was considered as a four dimensional room. One can disprove the assertion of many Astro physicists, that the universe is a four dimensional room. The best argument of all is, that a central region doesn't exist in the universe. This central region in the universe should be proved by facts. The passed events determine the event-horizon. The event-horizon is not equal with the information-boundary. That are different points of views. The big bang theory suppose, that the cosmos is an expanding matter-ball. The mathematical Friemann-model is interpreted to this as a fact. The new "Theory about the Structure of the Cosmos" suppose the vacuum-space of the cosmos with expansion-acceleration and several local compression of vacuum-fields as basic facts. The information-boundary is a dynamic boundary depending on the local position of the observer. The result of the new theory is, that the cosmos cannot be an expanding matter-ball.

One tries to assign a shorter development time to the distant astronomical objects also in this case. The aim is to save the big bang theory. It is of no use again even if one argues that the Black-Holes and the compact cores of the Spiral Galaxies have arisen without the necessary evolution steps at the big bang. Where does one know that there has been a big bang according to the big bang theory from so exactly, then? One cannot determine the age of the universe. If somebody proves this, then the whole conventional theory building of the big bang theory caves in.

My theory based on the axiom of an infinitely dimensional vacuum room and on the axiom, that vacuum fluctuations appear in this room. If one wants to take this theory building to the collapse, then one must disprove these axioms with proofs. This theory is a new sight, to explain the cosmos and his evolution. The basic is a simple mathematic and geometric structure. This structure is cause for the time, the laws of natural and for the process of development and the pass away. I have put the philosophical foundations for a consistent theory which gets by without broader help acceptances and faith convictions with that.

5. The boundary of measurement within the vacuum-space

The absolute Information-Boundary of the vacuum-space will be reached by   c = 299 792.458 km s^-1.
The background-radiation is within the distance from local observer to the Information-Boundary.
1 Mpc = 3261631 light-years
Hubble-Parameter   H = 71 km s^-1 Mpc^-1
Calculation of the radial Information-Boundary in Mpc:     r_i = c / H
The Information-Boundary is at  
That are   billions light-years.
An other measurement-boundary is the lower radio-wave-range [4] for commercial users.

Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) explained, that the cosmos is infinite large. The vacuum-room is fulfilled with an immense number of suns and their planets, which circle around them. Many planets of them have life like the life on the earth. He was burnt to death for that explanation at February 17, 1600 in the city Rome of Italy.
Wilhelm Heinrich Olbers (1823) raised an objection against a cosmos regular fulfilled with stars. The apparent brightness of the stars lower with the square of their distance (1/r²). But the star-population increase on larger distance with (r²dr). In addition of this fact the far stars are covered by the front stars. The night sky should be bright as the our sun-surface. His deduction from this paradoxical fact was, that the cosmos is forced to expand. He could not give the practical proof for that fact. The proof of this problem was discovered by the astronomers Edwin P. Hubble and Milton Humason 100 years later. They observed, that the wavelength of the spectral-lines of the emitted light of the distant galaxies move to the red end of the spectrum the more their distances from the observer were. Till now it is fact, that the cosmos is expanding. They recognize a certain rule. The developed Hubble-formula defines, that a galaxy in the double distance (x) has the double flight-speed (v).

The Hubble-formula has a linear function. It is very difficult to proof the linearity of the Hubble-formula, because the measured and calculated values result in statistical variations.

v(t) = H(t)*x(t)

If the cosmos expand with a linear function, you can suppose that the stretching of the wavelength of the light expand with a linear function too. An emitted photon cannot move through the entire cosmos. It can only move till its radial information-boundary.

The consequence of the expanding vacuum-space is, that each source of thermal energy lower irreversible in a longer period. The quantity of information of distant galaxies lower too. The width of their absorption-lines increase. The interference-boundary is nearly by a wavelength [5] of 3,00 m. It is important for the observation, that the relation between the signal and the noise is large enough, to get useful information.

6. Time Phenomena

The time passes even if one does nothing. The nature of the time is easy to define. It is the movement in the room. With help of a fast timing generator slower movement expiries are measured. The timing generator of a Cesium atomic clock delivers 9 192 631 770 times in a second in the gravity field on the earth. The vacuum field (gravity field) of the earth exerts a permanent strength on the atoms of the Cesium atomic clock. This strength is lower in large height over the earth because the acceleration by the gravity field of the earth is reduced there. A Cesium atomic clock in large height can deliver more times in a second in the reference to second time of a Cesium atomic clock on the earth. Every watch delivers her proper time.

One would like dimensions learned, how much the time has, one takes the reference to the movement in the room again so. As a model for the opinion the journey is suitable with the bicycle. If one just goes for a ride, then one moves in the first dimension. If one inclines on the bicycle to the left, then the wheel concerns to the left at the same time, too. One immediately gets the second and the third one dimension. In case of the journey with the bicycle we watch the compression of the tire. We have the fourth dimension of the time for singles events noticed and but the dynamics so that. If one inclines on the bicycle to the right, then the wheel concerns to the right at the same time, too. One immediately gets the second and the third one dimension again, reflected now, however. The logical conclusion is: Temporal sequences (singles events) arise mirroredly in the vacuum room. From the point of view of time mirrored events are observable in the form of matter and anti matter e.g. electron and positron as well as proton and anti proton.

7. Source of Literary and Photos

[1] W. Buchmüller: Physik in unserer Zeit, 29. Jahrgang 1998, Nr. 5, Seite 212

[2] E. Langheld: Physik in unserer Zeit, 29. Jahrgang 1998, Nr. 5, Seite 208

[3] Zeitschrift: Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Jahrgang 1997, Nr. 9, Seite 33

[4] Zeitschrift für Astronomie: Sterne und Weltraum, 39. Jahrgang 2000, Nr. 9, Seite 725

[5] Gerthsen, Kneser, Vogel: Physik-Ein Lehrbuch zum Gebrauch neben Vorlesungen, 16. Aufl., Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1989

Physikalisch-Technische-Bundesanstalt (PTB): http://www.ptb.de/de/naturkonstanten/zahlenwerte.html

Photos: European Southern Observatory (ESO), the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope
and the Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes

¹ You can observe this three-dimension axle-motion at front-wheel of your bike.

² Violet light deflect much more by a prism than the red light.

All rights preserved. Copyright © by Albert Bünger, Artlenburg
The official certification of my theory serves only the safeguarding of my authorship and in connection with this shall not replace any scientific discussion and verification. I have chosen the way hereby over the internet now, because an announcement over magazines was declined. Theories which don't correspond to the Mainstream have hardly a chance in the science. I would like to remind, however, that this theory is known in the internet since several years and is read and copied worldwide.
Announcement in the internet since Febr. 09, 2001
First official authentication of this Theory: August 19, 2003

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